Process是一段指令的集合被載入到記憶體裡
數值程序 ID(PID) 是用來識別
UID.GID和SELinux context 決定檔案系統存取
使用ps指令可以檢視process information
[root@localhost ~]# ps --help
********* simple selection ********* ********* selection by list *********
-A all processes -C by command name
-N negate selection -G by real group ID (supports names)
-a all w/ tty except session leaders -U by real user ID (supports names)
-d all except session leaders -g by session OR by effective group name
-e all processes -p by process ID
T all processes on this terminal -s processes in the sessions given
a all w/ tty, including other users -t by tty
g OBSOLETE -- DO NOT USE -u by effective user ID (supports names)
r only running processes U processes for specified users
x processes w/o controlling ttys t by tty
*********** output format ********** *********** long options ***********
-o,o user-defined -f full --Group --User --pid --cols --ppid
-j,j job control s signal --group --user --sid --rows --info
-O,O preloaded -o v virtual memory --cumulative --format --deselect
-l,l long u user-oriented --sort --tty --forest --version
-F extra full X registers --heading --no-heading --context
********* misc options *********
-V,V show version L list format codes f ASCII art forest
-m,m,-L,-T,H threads S children in sum -y change -l format
-M,Z security data c true command name -c scheduling class
-w,w wide output n numeric WCHAN,UID -H process hierarchy
信號是程序之間用來互相溝通的方式
sent directly to processes, no user-interface required
送出信號給程序的語法有:
By PID: kill [signal] pid By Name: killall [signal] comm By pattern: pkill [-signal] pattern
排程的優先順序將決定CPU存取順序
程序的nice值用來決定排程
值的範圍在19到-20之間預設為0
值越低擁有越高的優先權
可使用ps -o comm,nice指令觀看
程序的nice值是可以改變的
當執行一個程序
nice -n 5 指令…
執行後可以使用renice修改nice值
renice 5 PID
但是只有root擁有修改nice值的權限
數值程序 ID(PID) 是用來識別
UID.GID和SELinux context 決定檔案系統存取
使用ps指令可以檢視process information
[root@localhost ~]# ps --help
********* simple selection ********* ********* selection by list *********
-A all processes -C by command name
-N negate selection -G by real group ID (supports names)
-a all w/ tty except session leaders -U by real user ID (supports names)
-d all except session leaders -g by session OR by effective group name
-e all processes -p by process ID
T all processes on this terminal -s processes in the sessions given
a all w/ tty, including other users -t by tty
g OBSOLETE -- DO NOT USE -u by effective user ID (supports names)
r only running processes U processes for specified users
x processes w/o controlling ttys t by tty
*********** output format ********** *********** long options ***********
-o,o user-defined -f full --Group --User --pid --cols --ppid
-j,j job control s signal --group --user --sid --rows --info
-O,O preloaded -o v virtual memory --cumulative --format --deselect
-l,l long u user-oriented --sort --tty --forest --version
-F extra full X registers --heading --no-heading --context
********* misc options *********
-V,V show version L list format codes f ASCII art forest
-m,m,-L,-T,H threads S children in sum -y change -l format
-M,Z security data c true command name -c scheduling class
-w,w wide output n numeric WCHAN,UID -H process hierarchy
信號是程序之間用來互相溝通的方式
sent directly to processes, no user-interface required
送出信號給程序的語法有:
排程的優先順序將決定CPU存取順序
程序的nice值用來決定排程
值的範圍在19到-20之間預設為0
值越低擁有越高的優先權
可使用ps -o comm,nice指令觀看
程序的nice值是可以改變的
當執行一個程序
nice -n 5 指令…
執行後可以使用renice修改nice值
renice 5 PID
但是只有root擁有修改nice值的權限
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